Bismuth

MATERIAL OVERVIEW

Characteristics: Crystalline, brittle metal, with yellow/reddish tinge. Soluble in nitric and hydrochloric acids. Highly diamagnetic (mass susceptibility -1.35 X 106). Expands 3.3% on solidification. Electrical resistivity higher in solid than in liquid state. Extrudable at 437 oF, not fabricable at room temperature. Brinell hardness 7. Thermal conductivity is lowest of all metals except mercury. On heating it burns to form the oxide.

Derivation: Debismuthizing of lead bullion by (a) fractional crystallization, (b) electrolytic (Betts) refining, or (c) addition of calcium or magnesium (Betterton-Kroll process) which removes bismuth.

Hazard: Flammable in powder form.

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